The regalia worn in procession today trace their origins to medieval universities, where all faculty were members of religious orders and required to wear appropriate gowns. Beyond their ecclesiastical functions, robes distinguished clerics from the lay populace and provided warmth in the unheated buildings of the era.
American academic dress in the colonial period derived directly from the regalia of the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford. However, in 1894, a commission of American educators established a code that was eventually adopted by most universities and colleges in the United States and many in Canada. While much of American academic regalia is well standardized, European universities display a wide variety of gowns, caps, and other accoutrements, some of which may be seen here today.